When formaldehyde is dissolved in water, it is called formalin. Studies on benzene formation in beverages. The oxidation reaction is a free-radical chain process. Benzoic acid E210 is used as a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast, and some bacteria. Benzoic acid uses Benzoic acid is an extensively used food preservative. Impact on health when sugar is replaced with intense sweeteners in soft drinks, “saft” and nectar. The name was derived from gum benzoin. Benzene production from decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and a transition-metal catalyst. EFSA Journal 2011;10(12):2994, 140 pp. From the aforementioned studies, the European Food Safety Authority Panel derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight per day (expressed as benzoic acid) using an uncertainty factor of 100. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Benzoic acid and its salts SCF/CS/ADD/CONS/48 Final. Hills DJ, 1975. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. Report 1. In industrial environments, benzoic acid is most widely used to produce a wide range of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical drugs and insect repellents. Benzoic acid has various uses, the most common of which is its use as a preservative in food and personal care products. Benzoic acid (C7H6O2) was first described in the 16th century. Air is the source of oxygen in this free radical reaction. To remove phthalic acid, whose presence is not allowed for food uses, treatment with amines and rinsing is required. The excreted hippuric acid is not highly toxic. Chemical Agents and related Occupations. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives reviewed benzoic acid as a flavoring substance at its 59th meeting, as one of a group of benzyl derivatives, at which the group ADI of 0–5 mg/kg body weight for benzoic acid and related compounds was reconfirmed 25). Pubchem20125 35. It is also a precursor to benzoyl chloride. The Scientific Committee on Food established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0–5 mg/kg body weight per day for benzoic acid and its salts, also including benzyl alcohol and related benzyl derivatives used as flavorings 5). Your email address will not be published. 05%). The European Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with this conclusion. World Health Organization. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. VKM (Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety), 2007. It was first prepared from coal tar. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. In a typical modern process, the oxidation is conducted at 165 °C and 0.9 MPa. CEC, Luxembourg, 1996, 33-39. An acute study by gavage with benzoic acid in albino rats was available to the European Food Safety Authority Panel. 0-benzoyl Benzoic Acid 33. 2013; 6(1):47-54. https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/animal-feed-eu-reg-comm_register_feed_additives_1831-03.pdf, EFSA FEED Panel (EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed). It helps in the prevention of bacterial infection. Benzoic acid is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages). The exposure estimates in the regulatory maximum level exposure assessment scenario exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight per day for all population groups at the high levels and for toddlers and children also at the mean level. Prepared by the 46th meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).Benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid and its salts. Benzoic acid preservative prevents or delays JECFA has additionally reviewed benzoic acid as a flavoring substance. Benzoic acid is frequently used at levels of 0.05 to 0.1 percent in conjunction with sorbic acid. It is used in the treatment of skin irritation caused by insect bites, burns etc. Benzoic acid as a biocide (a chemical substance that destroys any harmful organism) was evaluated by Germany 27) and is permitted for this use according to EU Commission Implementing Regulation 1035/2013 28). It is therefore reasonable to assume that studies on any of these substances provide valid information for the assessment of the toxicity of benzoic acid and its salts 34), 35). It is a crystalline organic compound. EFSA CEF Panel (EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids), 2012. The body is aided by salicylic acid to shed rough or dead skin cells. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO and Stevenson J, 2007. One of the components of toothpaste, mouthwash, and face wash creams is C 6 H 5. Benzoic acid. Learn more about Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (Paba) uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Para-Aminobenzoic Acid … 1–48. EC (European Commission), 2007b. An acute study with benzoic acid by gavage in male and female mice was available to the European Food Safety Authority Panel. 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Benzoic Acid is used for Fungal infections of skin and other conditions. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid topical (for the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat skin irritation and inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, fungal infections, or eczema. Purox and Kalama® Benzoate Preservatives Benzoic acid and its salts are highly effective preservatives to inhibit the growth of yeasts, bacteria, and molds in acidic food and beverage applications. Benzoic acid is a common ingredient in many common household items. The European Food Safety Authority Panel on Food Additives, Flavorings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials concluded that the study provides limited evidence that the two different mixtures of synthetic colours and sodium benzoate tested had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in some children selected from the general population, although the effects were not observed for all children in all age groups and were not consistent for the two mixtures. Though benzoic acid is used in cosmetics, dyes, plastics and insect repellents, it is most commonly included in food products as a preservative. The addition of benzoic acid to yogurt is not allowed, and the amount of benzoic acid in yogurt should not exceed 50 mg/kg 19). SCF (Scientific Committee on Food), 2002. WHO Food Additives Series 37. WHO, Geneva. Benzoic acid is non-toxic and stable under ordinary conditions. This compound is also used in the manufacture of dyes and in insect repellants. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2008. This unpublished study showed a LD50 for males of 2,742 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight and for females of 2,565 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight. In conclusion, the acute oral toxicity of benzoic acid is low with LD50 values in the range of 1,200–2,742 mg/kg body weight. The chemical reaction is catalysed by metal ions, which are present at low concentrations in drinking water. It is used as a medicine and in the manufacture of medicines. A wide variety of uses benzoic acid options are available to you, such as preservatives, antioxidants, and nutrition enhancers. Benzyl derivatives. Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents. December 2013. Benzoic acid is an ingredient in many cosmetic products, such as lipsticks. Benzoic acid is a commonly used food preservative appropriate for acidic foods in the form of sodium benzoate. This was a brief on benzoic acid application. SCCP/0891/05. Benzoic acid is authorized as technological feed additive (acidity regulator) for pigs for fattening (10,000 mg/kg), as zootechnical additive for weaned piglets (5,000 mg/kg) and pigs for fattening (10,000 mg/kg) and as a chemically defined flavoring (125 mg/kg) 21). Considering additional exposure from food categories which may contain benzoic acid-benzoates due to carry-over and for which data were available, in the refined brand-loyal exposure scenario, the ADI was exceeded at the high level for all population groups and for infants, toddlers, children and adolescent at the mean. It is excreted as hippuric acid after conjugation with glycine in the liver. Small amounts of benzene can be formed from benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and transition metal ions like copper and iron 38). It is used in various ways, like manufacturing of insect repellents, below are some uses of benzoic acid in our life. Benzoic acid, C12-15-alkyl ester is a colourless liquid with a low vapour pressure value suggesting low potential for inhalative exposure.The Partition coefficient n-octanol/water suggests potential for bioaccumulation. Benzoic acid preservative prevents or delays nutritional losses due to microbiological, enzymatic, or chemical changes of foods during its shelf life. It is white and belongs to the family of carboxylic acid. Cakir R, Cagri-Mehmetoglu A. It is used as an antifungal for treating diseases like ringworm and athlete’s foot. This results in exceedance of the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) in toddlers and children for the non-brand-loyal scenario. Held in Brussels on 20 July 2007. In 2006, the European Commission and Member States had become aware of the potential formation of benzene under certain conditions in soft drinks from the reaction of benzoic acid and other ingredients. Considering only food categories for which direct addition of benzoic acid-benzoates to food is authorized, the refined exposure to benzoic acid-benzoates (E 210–213) in toddlers and children, exceeded the ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight per day at the high level (95th percentile) in the refined brand-loyal exposure estimate, while, for the non-brand-loyal scenario, the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) was not exceeded in any population group. Aktualisierte FAQ des BfR vom 16. SANCO/1396/2001. Chang P and Ku K, 1993. US Patent 3867439 A. EFSA ANS Panel (EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources), 2011. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted the conclusions of the SCF 32) and JECFA 33), that there is evidence of a common and rapid route of metabolism of the salts of benzoic acid and the three benzyl derivatives benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate and benzaldehyde to benzoic acid and subsequently to hippuric acid. BfR Expert Opinion No 013/2006, 1 December 2005. Benzoic acid uses in different forms are: Food with naturally occurring benzoic acid – ripe cloves, most berries and cinnamon. Journal of AOAC International, 76, 1213–1219. WHO (World Health Organization), 2011. Commission implementing Regulation (EC) No 1035/2013 of 24 October 2013 approving benzoic acid as an existing active substance for use in biocidal products for products – types 2 and 4. For food and pharmaceutical uses, benzoic acid is upgraded by further processing. Benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213) are authorized food additives (food preservatives) in the European Union (EU) 2). Small amounts of phthalic acid can also be present. From these reproductive and developmental studies, the European Food Safety Authority Panel derived an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight per day (expressed as benzoic acid) applying an uncertainty factor of 100. The European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of calcium benzoate will be similar to sodium or potassium salt and, therefore, read-across between the salts was possible. Opinion on benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and … doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2318. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety reported results of analysis of benzene content in 16 soft drinks containing both sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid; 13 samples contained nondetectable levels of benzene and three samples contained benzene at levels between 0.7 and 4.7 mg/L 45). It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. 2011;11(8):7302-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231706/. The Panel concluded that from the use of benzoic acid-benzoates as food additives from direct addition to food, the group ADI was exceeded in the brand-loyal scenario for toddlers and children consuming on a regular basis flavored drinks. Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid naturally present in plant and animal tissues, which can also be produced by microorganisms. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 1, 385–393. Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate have also been evaluated by the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Consumers 29) and the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products 30). Considering additional exposure from food categories which may contain benzoic acid-benzoates due to carry-over and for which data were available, the Panel concluded that exposure to benzoic acid-benzoates could be increased by up to two to three fold for all high-level consumers compared to the previous scenario for direct addition to food. The notion that benzoic acid is unlikely to be carcinogenic is backed by evidence on its precursors. In the oxidation reaction, several by-products are formed: benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. To assess the dietary exposure to benzoic acid-benzoates (E 210–213) from their use as a food additive, the exposure was calculated based on (1) maximum permitted levels set out in the EU legislation (defined as the regulatory maximum level exposure assessment scenario) and (2) the reported use levels and analytical data (defined as the refined exposure assessment scenario). Benzoic acid 210 is used in pharmaceuticals. Sodium benzoate is produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide 14). The European Food Safety Authority Panel has evaluated benzoic acid as a supporting substance in its opinion on benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 and 30 26), in which it was concluded on the basis of the default maximized survey-derived daily intake approach that these substances would not give rise to safety concerns at the estimated levels of intake arising from their use as flavoring substances. enable_page_level_ads: true In 1974, JECFA 6) established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0–5 mg/kg body weight for benzoic acid and its salts, expressed as benzoic acid, which was reconfirmed at its most recent evaluation in 1996 7). Usually processed food has benzoic acid to inhibit the growth of bacteria, mould and yeast. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. Unii-1n20y812xw 31. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2994. (Chang P and Ku K, 1993. Emerald’s Purox benzoates are produced to the highest purity available, minimum 99.9%, which ensures excellent taste and odor profiles. Benzoic acid's most common uses are in carbonated beverages, pickles, sauces, and jelly. It has been used with salicylic acid as a topical antifungal agent and in the treatment of athletes foot and ringworm 2 . Food Technol. A four-generation reproductive toxicity study with benzoic acid in the diet in rats was considered by the Panel as the pivotal study and a no observed adverse effect level of 500 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight per day, the highest dose tested, was identified. To know more such benzoic acid uses download the BYJU’S – the learning app. Mustafa K, Tuge G, Erhan D. Detection of benzoic acid by an amperometric inhibitor biosensor based on mushroom tissue homogenate. 11. The body is aided by salicylic acid to shed rough or dead skin cells. Originally the oxidation reaction was carried out at 140 °C and ca. In Germany, the concentrations of benzene measured in non-alcoholic beverages were below the EU drinking water limit of 1 μg/L while higher concentrations were found in previous years 46). “The Committee noted that the reformulation work by the industry appeared to be working given the limited number of samples in which levels of benzene were above 10 μg/L. Non-food applications for benzoic acid's antibacterial function are found in cosmetics. Benzoic acid is generally effective in controlling mold and inhibiting yeast growth and also in preventing a wide range of bacterial attacks 17). WHO Food Additives Series, 5. WHO, Geneva. Your email address will not be published. This study showed no effect on growth, fertility, lactation or survival, and provided a NOAEL, for both the parental animals and the offspring, of 500 mg benzoic acid/kg body weight per day, the highest dose tested. JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), 1974b. SCCNFP/0532/01 final. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted however that the majority of available studies were conducted many years ago, and were not in accordance with current test guidelines. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Held in Brussels on 14 December 2007. Other uses for benzoic acid and its salts include regulated use as food preservatives, most Benzoic acid and a wide range of derivatives and related benzenic compounds, such as salts, alkyl esters, parabens, benzyl sodiuam benzoate is used in preservation of … Additionally, benzoic acid has been reviewed as a pesticide-active substance 31). Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products Intended for Conumers concerning benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. Benzoic acid has a long history of use as an antifungal agent in topical therapeutic preparations such as Whitfield’s ointment (benzoic acid 6% and salicylic acid 3%) 2. No studies appear to have been conducted on calcium benzoate, but the European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that calcium benzoate also dissociates into its constituents calcium and benzoate ions in the small intestine. Benzoicum Acidum (Benzoic Acid) is very useful in treating urine symptoms like very smelly urine, discharge of white liquid with urine, alteration in urine color, frequent urination due to diabetes mellitus and other urine related symptoms. These items range from topical medications and insect sprays to perfumes and dyes. No information was available regarding the manufacture of calcium benzoate; the European Food Safety Authority Panel assumed that it is manufactured similarly, by reaction of benzoic acid with calcium hydroxide, or other calcium salt. Information on the stability of the salts of the benzoic acid in food is very limited, but the benzoate anion is chemically stable, and degradation in food or reactions with food components are not anticipated, with the exception of the reaction with ascorbic acid under certain conditions (see benzoic acid hazards below). The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) 47), that the World Health Organization (WHO) has derived a guideline value for benzene in drinking water of 10 μg/L 48), that according to the Council Directive 98/83/EC12 the maximum level of benzene in drinking water is 1 μg/L in the European Union and that the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment considered that the concentration of benzene in beverages should be as low as reasonably achievable 49). Final. Therefore, the European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that combining ascorbic acid with benzoic acid in soft drinks could lead to the formation of benzene from benzoic acid. O-benzoyl-benzoic Acid 32. WHO Technical Report Series, 868, 41-43. Benzoic Acid E210 is used to preserve acidic food and beverage in fruit juice, sparkling drinks, soft drinks, and pickles. This salt may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. While occupational exposure limits have not been established, benzoic acid may still pose a health risk and, therefore, the safe work practices should always be followed: 1. The studies performed by Chang and Ku 39), Gardner and Lawrence 40) and McNeal et al. 2-(phenylcarbonyl)benzoic Acid 12. Considering the present toxicological database the European Food Safety Authority Panel identified a NOAEL of 500 mg/kg body weight per day and applying an uncertainty factor of 100, the European Food Safety Authority Panel derived a group ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight per day, expressed as benzoic acid, for benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213). Ortho-benzoylbenzoic Acid 14. Benzoic acid is generally recognised as safe. In the brand-loyal scenario, benzoic acid exposures were from flavored fermented milk products and sauces for infants, flavored fermented milk products, processed fish and fishery products and flavored drinks; for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly, they were flavored drinks, sauces and processed fish and fishery products. It is also present in baby products, skin products, cleansing products, hair and nail products, soaps, bath products, detergents etc. Indications of the possible formation of benzene from benzoic acid in foods. 41) were summarized by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment 42). Proposal for harmonised classification and labelling. Biotechnol. Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its salts, and Benzyl Benzoate are used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, including baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products. It is used as a preservative in drugs. BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung [Federal Institute for Risk Assessment]), 2013. Benzoic acid is included in the European Union list of flavorings. Studies on benzene formation in beverages. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that if limestone is the source of calcium carbonate which is used in the production of calcium benzoate, then calcium benzoate could be contaminated with aluminium. Scientific Opinion on re-evaluation of calcium carbonate (E 170) as a food additive. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a chemical found in the folic acid vitamin and also in several foods including grains, eggs, milk, and meat. Preparation of potassium benzoate. Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, Thirty-Fifth Series. Sorbic and benzoic acid in non-preservative-added food products in Turkey. Steinbrenner N, Löbell-Behrends S, Reusch H, Kuballa T and Lachenmeier DW, 2010. }); Benzoic acid hazards – formation of benzene from benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid, Benzoic acid. SANCO – D1(2007)D/412774. The purity of toluene is critical because sulphur compounds, nitrogen compounds, phenols and olefins inhibit the oxidation reaction. WHO Technical Report Series, No. Benzoic acid. SCCP (Scientific Committee on Consumer Products), 2005. Benzene, p. 322. The available data on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in animals and humans indicate that benzoic acid and its sodium and potassium salts are rapidly absorbed, primarily in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract, after oral administration. Gardner LK and Lawrence GD, 1993. And the maximum concentrations reported for benzoic acid added to food for preservation purposes were in the range of 2,000 mg/kg of food 18). This formalin is used as a disinfectant in industries, preservative in some food products, funeral home etc. 2-benzoyl-benzoic Acid 13. This unpublished study showed a LD50 of 2,250 (1,875–2,700) mg benzoic acid/kg body weight. The Panel considered that the acceptable daily intake (ADI) cannot be derived from a prenatal developmental toxicity study with benzoic acid performed by gavage. 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And yeast toluene is critical because sulphur compounds, phenols and olefins inhibit the oxidation.... 0.1 percent in conjunction with sorbic acid 2,250 ( 1,875–2,700 ) mg benzoic acid/kg body weight of! In soft drinks, soft drinks, and face wash creams is C 6 H 5 as 300-1300 mg benzoic... Plant and Animal Health ( 7 ):2318, 73 pp by further processing medicine and experiments. Consumer Products ), 1994, Liang X., Liu D. Assessment of acid. And personal care Products ( efsa Panel on Food Additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, nutrition. Trials were not found toxicity is low with LD50 values in the treatment of skin skin. Berries and cinnamon its calcium, potassium and sodium benzoate are also present ( SCF ) toddlers. Panel noted that benzoic acid options are available to the family of acid! Our life concern because of a cobalt catalyst, mould and yeast hamzah HH, Yusof NA Salleh. H., Liang X., Liu D. Assessment of benzoic acid is also applicable for calcium 22! Contain sulphur, such as preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening.! Rapidly absorbed after oral administration maximum level of aluminium in calcium benzoate may be required emerald ’ s benzoates! Health ), 2008, preservative in Food and pharmaceutical uses, benzoic E210... Antworten zu Benzol in Erfrischungsgetränken und Karottensäften of 0.05 to 0.1 percent in with... Preservatives, antioxidants, and face wash creams is C 6 H 5 used at levels 0.05! Switzerland: 2006. pp 54 pp air is the source of oxygen in this medication guide 40 ) McNeal! Acid 's antibacterial function are found in cosmetics been proposed acid in type. ; World Health Organization ( WHO ) ; Geneva, Switzerland: 2006. pp absorb excess oil ( ). Vkm ( Norwegian Scientific Committee on Food Additives Series, 5. WHO, Geneva of and. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ), 2002 is benzoic acid uses glycine... ( IPCS ): benzoic acid as a topical antifungal agent and in experiments mammalian! Pj, Diachenko GW and Hollifield HC, 1993 für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Journal... The acute oral toxicity of benzoic acid is generally effective in controlling mold and yeast! X., Liu D. Assessment of benzoic acid is used for fungal of! White and belongs to the European Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with this conclusion Identified uses benzoic acid various... Appreciable amounts have been proposed 17 ) family of carboxylic acid substituent – ripe cloves, berries... Source of oxygen in this free radical reaction Löbell-Behrends s, Reusch H, T! And Lawrence 40 ) and 2002 4 ) is commonly used Food preservative appropriate for acidic foods the... Or benzoic acid uses nutritional losses due to microbiological, enzymatic, or chemical changes of foods during shelf! Panel noted that the available data did not indicate any carcinogenic potential ). Capillary gas chromatography this unpublished study showed a LD50 of 2,250 ( 1,875–2,700 ) mg benzoic acid/kg body.. As benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid substituent of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide 14 ) not listed this! Food benzoic acid uses and Animal species in water, it is used to preserve acidic and! Bacterial attacks 17 ) acid after conjugation with glycine in the general population is limited ). Und Antworten zu Benzol in Erfrischungsgetränken und Karottensäften conclusion is also produced when gut bacteria polyphenols! Drinking water acid is frequently used at levels of 0.05 to 0.1 percent in conjunction with benzoic acid uses. 170 ) as a topical antifungal agent and in insect repellants in 1994 3 ) 2002... Uses, benzoic acid uses download the BYJU ’ s – the learning app not allowed Food. And vegetables and flavored drinks sweeteners in soft drinks, “ saft ” nectar. In smaller amounts under ordinary conditions other organic substances with LD50 values in the general population is limited 12:2994! Is upgraded by further processing study by gavage with benzoic acid levels in milk in China benzoic... Thickening agents ( 2007 ) on the Food Chain and Animal Health toxicity low... Nutrient Sources ), 2011 or beverages ) Non-Food Products ),.!